Icyuma gifata amashanyarazi gikora iki?

Uburyo Amashanyarazi Yerekana Imbaraga Isi Yacu Itagaragara

Ujya wibaza uburyo terefone yawe ihita ihindura urumuri, imashini zuruganda "reba" ibicuruzwa biguruka, cyangwa sisitemu yumutekano izi umuntu wegera? Intwari itaririmbwe inyuma yibi bikorwa ni icyuma gifata amashanyarazi - igikoresho gihindura urumuri ubwenge bukora.

None, NikiNukuriIgikoresho cyo gufotora gikora?

Muri rusange, icyuma gifata amashanyarazi ni igikoreshoihindura ibimenyetso byoroheje (fotone) mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi (ikigezweho cyangwa voltage). Tekereza nk'umusemuzi muto, wumva impinduka mumucyo - niba urumuri rwahagaritswe, rugaragazwa, cyangwa ubukana bwarwo - hanyuma uhite uhindura ayo makuru mumashanyarazi amashanyarazi, mudasobwa, cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ishobora kumva no gukora. Ubu bushobozi bwibanze, bushingiye cyane cyane kuriingaruka z'amashanyarazi.

Nigute Izi "Sensors Light" zikora?

Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi bifite ibice bitatu byingenzi:

1. Inkomoko yumucyo (Emitter):Mubisanzwe LED (igaragara itukura, icyatsi, cyangwa infragre) cyangwa diode ya laser, ikohereza urumuri rwibanze rwumucyo.
2. Uwakiriye:Mubisanzwe fotodi cyangwa fototransistor, byakozwe muburyo bwitondewe kugirango tumenye urumuri rwasohotse kandi uhindure ahari, udahari, cyangwa impinduka mububasha mumashanyarazi.
3. Inzira yo Kumenya:Ubwonko butunganya ibimenyetso byabakiriye, gushungura urusaku no gukurura ibintu bisukuye, byizewe (nko kuzimya / kuzimya cyangwa kohereza ibimenyetso byamakuru).

Bamenya ibintu cyangwa impinduka bakoresheje uburyo butandukanye bwo "kureba":

• Binyuze mu rumuri (Kohereza):Emitter hamwe niyakira birahura. Ikintu kimenyekana iyoguhagarikaurumuri. Tanga intera ndende (metero 10+) kandi yizewe cyane.
• Gusubira inyuma:Emitter hamwe niyakira biri mubice bimwe, bihura nicyuma kidasanzwe. Ikintu kimenyekana iyoikiruhukourumuri rugaragara. Guhuza byoroshye kuruta kunyuramo ariko birashobora gushukwa nibintu byiza cyane.
• Diffuse Yerekana:Emitter hamwe niyakira biri mubice bimwe, byerekana intego. Ikintu kimenyekana iyoiragaragazaurumuri rwasohotse rusubira kubakira. Ntabwo ikeneye urumuri rwihariye, ariko gutahura biterwa nubuso bwikintu.
• Guhagarika Amavu n'amavuko (BGS):Ubwoko bwubwenge bukwirakwiza. Ukoresheje inyabutatu, nigusagutahura ibintu muburyo bwihariye, byateganijwe intera, wirengagije ikintu cyose kirenze cyangwa cyegereye cyane intego.

Kuki bari hose? Inyungu z'ingenzi:

Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi byiganjemo imirimo myinshi yo kumva kuko bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe:

• Kutumva amakuru:Ntibakeneye gukora ku kintu, kubuza kwambara no kurira kuri sensor hamwe nibintu byoroshye.
• Urutonde rurerure:Cyane cyane binyuze mumirasire yubwoko, burenze kure ibyiyumvo byubaka cyangwa ubushobozi.
• Inkuba-Igisubizo cyihuse:Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bikora muri microseconds, byuzuye kumurongo wihuse.
• Ibikoresho Agnostic:Menya nezaikintu icyo ari cyo cyose- ibyuma, plastike, ikirahure, ibiti, amazi, ikarito - bitandukanye na sensor ya inductive yumva ibyuma gusa.
• Gutoya Ibintu Bito & Icyemezo Cyinshi:Urashobora kumva uduce duto cyangwa imyanya isobanutse.
• Ivangura no gutandukanya ivangura:Irashobora gutandukanya ibintu ukurikije uburyo bigaragaza cyangwa bikurura urumuri rwihariye rwumucyo.

Aho Uzabasanga mubikorwa (Ingaruka nyayo-Isi):

Porogaramu nini kandi ikora hafi yinganda zose:

• Gukoresha Inganda (The Powerhouse):Kubara ibicuruzwa kuri convoyeur, kugenzura amacupa arimo, kumenya ibirango, gushyira amaboko ya robo, kwemeza ko ibipfunyika byuzuye, gukurikirana imirongo yiteranirizo. Nibyingenzi muburyo bugezweho bwo gukora.
• Umutekano & Kugenzura:Ibyuma byikora byikora, ibyuma byerekana kwinjira, abantu babara sisitemu.
• Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki:Amaterefone ya terefone igendanwa, televiziyo ya kure igenzura, imbeba za optique.
• Imodoka:Imashini yimvura kubihanagura byikora, kumenya inzitizi muri sisitemu yumutekano, kugenzura amatara.
• Ubuvuzi:Ibice by'ingenzi muriibyuma byerekana umwotsigusesengura icyitegererezo cy'ikirere,impiswigupima ogisijeni yamaraso, ibikoresho byo gufata amashusho mubuvuzi nka CT scaneri igezweho.
• Itumanaho:Imiyoboro ya fibre optique yishingikiriza kumafoto kugirango ihindure impiswi zumucyo mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi.
• Ingufu:Imirasire y'izuba (ubwoko bwa detector ya fotovoltaque) ihindura urumuri rw'izuba mumashanyarazi.

Ejo hazaza ni heza: Ibikurikira?

Ikoranabuhanga rya Photelectric detector ntabwo rihagaze. Gutera imbere biganisha ku mbibi:

• Miniaturisation ikabije:Gutezimbere utuntu duto, twumva amabara akoresheje nanomaterial nka Hybrid nanofibers na silicon nanowires.
• Kunoza imikorere:2D / 3D ibikoresho bya heterostructure (nka MoS2 / GaAs, Graphene / Si) ituma ultra-yihuta-yihuta, ibyuma byangiza cyane, ndetse no guhangana nurumuri UV.
• Imikorere myiza:Disiketi hamwe nisesengura ryububiko (imashusho ya hyperspectral) cyangwa polarisiyasi yo gukenera amakuru menshi.
• Porogaramu Yagutse:Gushoboza uburyo bushya bwo gusuzuma ubuvuzi, gukurikirana ibidukikije, kubara kwant, no kwerekana ibisekuruza bizaza.

Isoko ryiyongera: Kugaragaza ibyifuzo

Iterambere riturika muburyo bwikorana buhanga hamwe nubuhanga bwubwenge burimo kongera ingufu kumasoko yerekana amashanyarazi. Agaciro kuriUSD Miliyari 1.69 muri 2022, biteganijwe ko bizamuka bikabijeUSD miliyari 4.47 muri 2032, ikura kuri CAGR ikomeye 10.2%. UwitekaAgace ka Aziya-Pasifika, itwarwa ninganda nini zo gukora no gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, iyoboye iki giciro. Abakinnyi bakomeye nka Hamamatsu, OSRAM, na LiteON bakomeje guhanga udushya kugirango babone iki cyifuzo.