Nigute ushobora Kurandura Amakosa Yanditse kuri CNC Yahinduwe na Shakisha neza

Nigute ushobora Kurandura Amakosa Yanditse kuri CNC Yahinduwe na Shakisha neza

Umwanditsi: PFT, Shenzhen

Ibisobanuro: Amakosa yimpapuro muri CNC yahinduwe shitingi abangamira cyane ibipimo bifatika kandi bikwiranye, bigira ingaruka kumikorere yinteko no kwizerwa kubicuruzwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bukora iperereza ku mikorere ya gahunda ya kalibrasi ya sisitemu yo gukuraho ayo makosa. Methodologiya ikoresha laser interferometrie kugirango ikemurwe cyane ya volumetric ikosa ikozwe mumashini yimashini ikora, cyane cyane yibanda kuri geometrike itanga umusanzu. Indishyi zindishyi, zikomoka ku ikarita yamakosa, zikoreshwa mugenzuzi wa CNC. Iyemezwa ryikigereranyo kuri shaft ifite diameter ya nomero ya 20mm na 50mm yerekanye igabanuka ryikosa rya taper kuva kubiciro byambere birenga 15µm / 100mm kugeza munsi ya 2µm / 100mm nyuma ya kalibrasi. Ibisubizo byemeza ko indishyi zishingiye kuri geometrike, cyane cyane gukemura amakosa yumurongo uhagaze hamwe no gutandukana kwinzira nyabagendwa, nuburyo bwibanze bwo kurandura taper. Porotokole itanga uburyo bufatika, bushingiye ku makuru yo kugera ku rwego rwa micron mu rwego rwo gukora neza, bisaba ibikoresho bisanzwe bya metero. Ibikorwa bizaza bigomba gucukumbura igihe kirekire cyindishyi no kwishyira hamwe mugukurikirana.

1 Intangiriro

Gutandukana kw'ibipapuro, bisobanurwa ko itandukaniro rya diametric ritateganijwe ku murongo wo kuzunguruka mu bice bya CNC byahinduwe na silindrike, bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi mu gukora neza. Amakosa nkayo agira ingaruka zitaziguye mubikorwa byingenzi nko kwishyiriraho ibiciro, ubunyangamugayo bwa kashe, hamwe niteraniro rya kinematiki, birashobora gutuma umuntu ananirwa hakiri kare cyangwa imikorere mibi (Smith & Jones, 2023). Mugihe ibintu nko kwambara ibikoresho, gutwarwa nubushyuhe, hamwe no gutandukana kumurimo bigira uruhare mugukora amakosa, kutamenya neza geometrike idahwitse mumisarani ya CNC ubwayo-cyane cyane gutandukana kumurongo ugororotse no guhuza inguni-bigaragazwa nkintandaro yambere itera kaseti itunganijwe (Chen et al., 2021; Müller & Braun, 2024). Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kugerageza-no-kwibeshya uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi akenshi butwara igihe kandi bukabura amakuru yuzuye asabwa kugirango ikosorwe rikoshe mubikorwa byose. Ubu bushakashatsi burerekana kandi bwemeza uburyo bwa kalibrasi yuburyo bukoreshwa hifashishijwe laser interferometrie kugirango igereranye kandi yishyure amakosa ya geometrike ishinzwe mu buryo butaziguye gushiraho imashini muri CNC yahinduwe.

Uburyo bwubushakashatsi

2.1 Igishushanyo mbonera cya Calibration

Igishushanyo mbonera gikubiyemo ikarita ikurikirana, ikarita yerekana ikarita hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyura. Hypothesis yibanze yerekana neza neza kandi ikanishyurwa amakosa ya geometrike ya CNC lathe ya axe y'umurongo (X na Z) izahuza neza no kurandura icyuma gipimwa mumashanyarazi yakozwe.

2.2 Kubona Data & Gushiraho Ubushakashatsi

• Igikoresho cyimashini: Centre 3-axis CNC ihindura (Gukora: Okuma GENOS L3000e, Umugenzuzi: OSP-P300) yabaye urubuga rwibizamini.

• Igikoresho cyo gupima: Laser interferometero (Renishaw XL-80 laser umutwe hamwe na XD umurongo wa optique na RX10 rotary axis calibrator) yatanze amakuru yo gupimwa ashobora gukurikiranwa na NIST. Umurongo uhagaze neza, kugororoka (mu ndege ebyiri), ikibuga, na yaw amakosa ya axe X na Z yapimwe intera 100mm mugihe cyurugendo rwose (X: 300mm, Z: 600mm), ukurikije ISO 230-2: 2014.

• Urupapuro rwakazi & Imashini: Ibikoresho bipimisha (Ibikoresho: AISI 1045 ibyuma, Ibipimo: Ø20x150mm, Ø50x300mm) byakozwe muburyo buhoraho (Umuvuduko wo gutema: 200 m / min, Kugaburira: 0.15 mm / rev, Ubujyakuzimu bwa Cut: 0.5 mm, Igikoresho: CVD ikozweho karbide yinjizamo DNMG 150608) Coolant yakoreshejwe.

• Ibipimo by'ibipapuro: Ibipimo bya shaft nyuma yo gutunganywa byapimwe ku ntera ya 10mm mu burebure ukoresheje imashini ipima neza neza (CMM, Zeiss CONTURA G2, Ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe: (1.8 + L / 350) µm). Ikosa ry'impapuro zabazwe nk'umusozi wo kugaruka kumurongo wa diameter n'umwanya.

2.3 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'indishyi

Umubare w'amakosa yavuye mu gupima laser yatunganijwe hifashishijwe porogaramu ya COMP ya Renishaw kugirango habeho imbonerahamwe yihariye y'indishyi. Izi mbonerahamwe, zirimo imyanya ishingiye ku gukosora indangagaciro zo kwimura umurongo, amakosa yo mu mfuruka, no gutandukana kugororotse, zashyizwe mu buryo butaziguye mu bikoresho by'imashini ibipimo by'indishyi za geometrike mu kugenzura CNC (OSP-P300). Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana ibice byibanze bya geometrike byapimwe.

3 Ibisubizo n'isesengura

3.1 Ikarita yo Kwibeshya

Ibipimo bya Laser byagaragaje gutandukana gukomeye kwa geometrike bigira uruhare mubishobora gukoreshwa:

• Z-axis: Ikosa ryumwanya wa + 28µm kuri Z = 300mm, ikosa ryikusanyirizo rya -12 arcsec kurenza urugendo rwa 600mm.

• X-axis: Yaw ikosa rya +8 arcsec irenga 300mm y'urugendo.
  Uku gutandukana guhuza amakosa yagaragaye mbere ya kalibrasi ya taper yapimwe kuri shitingi Ø50x300mm, yerekanwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.

Imbonerahamwe 1: Ibisubizo by'ibipimo byo gupima

3.2 Imikorere ya nyuma ya Calibibasi

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’indishyi zikomoka ku ndishyi zatumye igabanuka rikabije ry’ikosa ryapimwe ryapimwe kuri shitingi zombi (Imbonerahamwe 1). Aft50x300mm ya shitingi yagabanutse kuva kuri + 16.8µm / 100mm kugeza kuri + 1.7µm / 100mm, ibyo bikaba byerekana iterambere rya 89.9%. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Ø20x150mm ya shitingi yerekanye kugabanuka kuva kuri + 14.3µm / 100mm kugera kuri + 1.1µm / 100mm (gutera imbere 92.3%). Igishushanyo cya 2 kigereranya muburyo bwa diametric profil ya Ø50mm ya shaft mbere na nyuma ya kalibrasi, byerekana neza kurandura icyerekezo cya taper. Uru rwego rwiterambere rurenze ibisubizo bisanzwe byavuzwe kuburyo bwindishyi zintoki (urugero, Zhang & Wang, 2022 bavuze ~ 70% kugabanuka) kandi byerekana akamaro ko kwishyurwa kwamakosa yuzuye.

4 Ikiganiro

4.1 Gusobanura ibisubizo

Igabanuka rikomeye ryikosa rya taper ryemeza neza hypothesis. Uburyo bwibanze nugukosora Z-axis ikosa ryumwanya hamwe no gutandukana kwicyuma, ibyo bikaba byaratumye inzira yigikoresho itandukana ninzira nziza ibangikanye ugereranije na spindle axis nkuko ubwikorezi bwagendaga kuri Z. Indishyi zatesheje agaciro uku gutandukana. Ikosa risigaye (<2µm / 100mm) birashoboka ko bituruka kumasoko adakwiye kwishyurwa na geometrike, nkingaruka zumuriro wumunota mugihe cyo gutunganya, gutandukanya ibikoresho munsi yimbaraga, cyangwa gupima gushidikanya.

4.2 Imipaka

Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanze ku ndishyi z’amakosa ya geometrike igenzurwa, hafi yubushyuhe buringaniye bwumuriro busanzwe bwumusaruro ukabije. Ntabwo yigeze yerekana neza cyangwa ngo yishyure amakosa yatewe nubushyuhe bubaho mugihe cyo kongera umusaruro cyangwa guhindagurika kwubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, imikorere ya protocole kumashini zifite kwambara cyane cyangwa kwangiriza inzira nyabagendwa / imipira ntiyasuzumwe. Ingaruka zingufu zikomeye cyane zo gukuraho indishyi nazo zari zirenze urugero.

4.3

Porotokole yerekanwe itanga abayikora nuburyo bukomeye, busubirwamo kugirango bagere kuri silindrike ihanitse cyane, byingenzi mubisabwa mu kirere, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, hamwe nibikoresho bikora cyane. Igabanya igipimo cyakuweho kijyanye na taper idahuye kandi bigabanya gushingira kubuhanga bwabakozi kugirango indishyi zintoki. Ibisabwa kuri laser interferometrie byerekana ishoramari ariko bifite ishingiro kubikoresho bisaba kwihanganira urwego rwa micron.

5 Umwanzuro

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko gahunda ya kalibrasi itunganijwe neza, ikoresheje laser interferometrie yo gushushanya ikosa rya volumetric geometrike ikarishye hamwe n’indishyi zagenzuwe na CNC, bifite akamaro kanini mu gukuraho amakosa ya taper muri shitingi ya CNC. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byagaragaje kugabanuka kurenga 89%, kugera kuri taper isigaye munsi ya 2µm / 100mm. Uburyo bwibanze nindishyi zukuri zumurongo uhagaze amakosa hamwe no gutandukana (pitch, yaw) mumashini yimashini. Imyanzuro y'ingenzi ni:

1. Ikarita yuzuye ya geometrike irakenewe cyane kugirango tumenye gutandukana bitera taper.

2. Indishyi zitaziguye zo gutandukana muri CNC mugenzuzi zitanga igisubizo cyiza cyane.

3. Porotokole itanga iterambere ryinshi muburyo bukwiye ukoresheje ibikoresho bisanzwe bya metrologiya.